(1) Text Format

　　1. Article Title

　　The article title should directly reflect the content, concisely summarizing its specific topic. It should generally be no longer than 20 characters, with an optional subtitle if needed.

　　2. Author and Affiliation

　　The primary author's affiliation must be clearly indicated, including the full name of the institution, the corresponding province and city, and the postal code. The institution’s name should be separated from the province and city by a comma. The entire information item should be enclosed in parentheses. The authors’ affiliations are listed directly beneath their respective names. For multiple authors, separate their names with commas; additionally, assign unique Arabic numeral superscripts to the upper right of each name. Before listing the name of the author’s affiliated institution, include the same numeral used for the author’s name. If several authors belong to different sub-units within the same institution, append lowercase letters like "a," "b," "c," etc., as superscripts to their names, placing these letters immediately before the name of their respective sub-unit. The order of authors should follow the sequence provided at the time of submission, with a maximum of four co-authors allowed.

　　3. Abstract

　　The abstract should be independent and self-contained, avoiding the inclusion of charts, lengthy mathematical formulas, or non-standard symbols and abbreviations. The abstract should be no longer than 200 words, with the English version placed after the list of references.

　　4. Keywords

　　The article should include Chinese keywords, typically 3 to 8 per article, separated by semicolons. Each keyword should be preceded by "Keywords:."

　　Example: Keywords: sampling method; sample size; comparative study

　　5. The article has a clear and well-structured layout.

　　The article should have a clear hierarchical structure, with no more than four levels of headings. Use "1" for first-level headings, "1.1" for second-level headings, "1.1.1" for third-level headings, and "(1)" for fourth-level headings. Figures and tables should be numbered as "Figure 1" and "Table 1," respectively. Tables must adhere to standard statistical formatting guidelines. Equations in the manuscript should be consecutively numbered using Arabic numerals, such as (1), (2), and (3). When referencing equation numbers in the text, ensure accuracy—use formats like "Eq. (1)" or "Eq. (2)."

　　6. Classification Number and Literature Identifier

　　All articles with a document identification code must include a classification number, assigned according to the *Chinese Library Classification* (4th edition). Generally, one classification number is sufficient for an article; however, for papers addressing multiple themes, up to two or three classification numbers may be provided. The primary classification number should appear first, and multiple classification numbers should be separated by semicolons. Each classification number should be preceded by the identifier "Chinese Library Classification No.:."

　　Example: China Library Classification Numbers: F224; C811

　　7. Funding Projects

　　If the article has received funding, the funding source must be clearly indicated. Use "Funding Project:" as the identifier, followed by the official name of the funding project, and include its project number in parentheses. The funding project name should be written exactly as officially designated by the relevant national authorities. If multiple funding projects are involved, list them sequentially, separated by semicolons.

　　Example: Funding Sources: National Natural Science Foundation of China Project (71103099); National Social Science Foundation of China Project (11XJ029)

　　8. Notes

　　The text includes annotations marked with numbers in the upper-right corner of the corresponding passages, and these annotations are listed at the bottom of the same page, formatted as numbers enclosed in circles.

　　Example: ①, ②…

(II) References

　　References are listed after the main text in the order they appear within it. Each reference is preceded by either "References:" (flush left) or "[References]" (centered). The reference numbers are aligned to the left margin and indicated using digits enclosed in square brackets, such as [1], [2], matching the numbering format used in the body of the text. Following ISO 690 and ISO 690-2 standards, every reference entry ends with a period ("."). The formatting and examples for each type of reference entry are provided below:

　　1. Monographs, collected papers, dissertations, and reports

　　[Serial Number] Main Contributor. Title of the Work [Document Type Identifier]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

　　2. Journal Article

　　[Serial Number] Principal Author. Title of the Article [J]. Journal Name, Year, Volume (Issue).

　　3. Extracted articles from the conference proceedings

　　[Serial Number] Main Contributor of the Extracted Work. Title of the Extracted Work [A]. Original Main Contributor(s) (Optional). Original Work Title [C]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

　　4. Newspaper article

　　[Serial Number] Main Contributor. Title of the Document [N]. Newspaper Name, Publication Date (Edition).

　　5. International and National Standards

　　[Serial Number] Standard Code, Standard Name [S].

　　6. Patent

　　[Serial No.] Patent Owner. Patent Title [P]. Country of Patent: Patent Number, Publication Date.

　　7. Electronic Documents

　　[Serial Number] Main Author. Title of Electronic Document [Type Identifier for Electronic Resource and Carrier]. Source or Access URL of the electronic document, along with the publication or update date/date of access (optional).

　　8. Various types of undefined literature

　　[Serial Number] Principal Author. Title of the Work [Z]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication

　　9. Guidelines for Foreign Language References

　　9.1 According to China’s current national standard GB/T 3179-92, for authors whose names are written in Western or Russian scripts, our journal follows the abbreviation rule of placing the surname first, followed by the given name—where the given name is fully abbreviated but without commas or periods. Specifically, the first letter of the surname is capitalized, with a single space separating the surname from the given name, and no comma is used. For the given name, only the initial letter is capitalized, and no period is added. If there are three or fewer authors, all are listed; however, if there are four or more authors, only the first three are listed, followed by "et al." Authors are separated by commas, and the final two authors are never connected by conjunctions such as "and," "und," "&," etc. For example, for an author named John Quincy Public, our journal would list it as Public J Q.

　　9.2 Titles of works, place of publication, publisher, and journal names—capitalize the first letter of each word except for prepositions like "of" and "and."

　　9.3 Example:

　　(1) Journal [J]

　　[No.] Author. Title [J]. Journal Name, Year, Volume(Issue). (Note the difference between volume and issue)

　　[1] Takane Y., DeLeeuw J. On the Relationship between Item Response Theory and Factor Analysis of Discretized Variables[J]. *Psychometrika*, 1987, 52(3).

　　[2] Fabrigar L R, Wegener D T, MacCallum R C, et al. Evaluating the Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research[J]. Psychological Methods, 1999, (4).

　　(2) Monograph [M], Dissertation [D], Collected Papers [C]

　　[Serial Number] Main Contributor. Title of the Document [Document Type Identifier]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

　　[1] Lawley D N, Maxwell A E. Factor Analysis as a Statistical Method [M]. London: Butterworths, 1971.

　　[2] Beermann P. Topics in Multinational Banking and International Industrial Organization [D]. Munich: Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 2007.

　　(3) Report [R]. (Working papers—similar to research reports or preprints—they serve as an important source of information in certain fields due to their timely publication of research findings, and can also be cited as references. These fall under the category of Tech Reports [R].)

　　[1] Alesina A, Rodrik D. Distributive Politics and Economic Growth [R]. NBER Working Paper, No. 3668, 1991.

　　(4) Articles extracted from collected papers or monographs

　　[Serial Number] Main Contributor of the Extracted Document. Title of the Extracted Document [A]. Original Document Contributor. Title of the Original Document [Document Type Identifier]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. For extracted documents included in monographs and collected papers, use [A] as the document identifier; for all other unspecified document types, use [Z].

　　[1] Dupont B. Bone Marrow Transplantation in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency with an Unrelated MLC-Compatible Donor [A]. White H.J., Smith R. Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the International Society for Experimental Hematology [M]. Houston: International Society for Experimental Hematology, 1974.

　　[2] Jain B. J., Pohlheim H., Wegener J. On Termination Criteria of Evolutionary Algorithms [A]. In Spector L., editor, GECCO’2001 – Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference [C]. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2001.

(III) About the Author

　　Please include the authors' biographies (name, year of birth, gender, place of origin, academic degree, job title, and research interests) along with the authors' detailed contact information (including address, office phone number, mobile phone, email address, and postal code), placed in the footer of the first page of the article. The corresponding author should be marked with "(Corresponding Author)" immediately before their name in the author biography section.